Goals
To provide students with:
Syllabus 2008
1. Introduction
1.1. History note
2. Chemical background of ion exchange separation
2.1. Ion exchange reactions
2.2. Ion exchangers
2.3. Ionic form
2.4. Hydrocarbon structure
2.5. Functional groups
2.6. Ion exchange capacity
2.7. Physical structure
2.8. Properties - Summary
3. Interactions with solutions
3.1. Simple models
3.2. Swelling
3.3. Water structure and sorption isotherms
3.4. Quantitative Treatment of swelling
3.5. Distribution of ions between ion exchanger and solution
3.6. Donnan potential
4. Physico-chemical background of ion exchange processes
4.1. Ion exchange equilibria
4.2. Equivalent fraction
4.3. Ion-exchange Isotherm
4.4. Selectivity and selectivity characteristics
4.5. Thermodynamics of ion exchange
4.6. Phenomena affecting selectivity
4.7. Modern physico-chemical models
5. Specific interactions in ion exchange systems
5.1. Chelating resins
5.2. Ligand exchange
5.3. Chiral Recognition with ligand exchangers
5.4. Imprinted functional polymers
6. Kinetics
6.1. Mechanism of ion exchange processes
6.2. Rite-determining step and quantitative approaches
6.3. Examples of kinetic models
6.4. Approaches to enhance the rate of ion exchnage
6.5. Diffusion in porous media
7. Column processes
nbsp; 7.1. Ion exchange in columns
7.2.Breakthrough curve
7.3. Performance of column
7.4. Sorption front
7.5. Hydrodynamic effects
7.6. Simple quantitative treatment of column processes
7.7. More advanced quantitative treatment of column processes
8. Ion exchange purification and separation
8.1. Elution and regeneration
8.2. Countercurrent regeneration
8.3. Cycles of ion exchange separation
8.4. Removal of ionic mixture
8.5. Extraction of ions
8.6. Multistep deionisation
8.7. Mixed bed deionisation
9. Treatment of gases and fumes
9.1. Exchange reactions in gas phase
9.2. Chemical sorption of gases
9.3. Use of complexation
9.4. Presssure- and temperature-reversible processes
9.5. General approaches to the treatment of gases
10. Impregnated resins
10.1. Methods of impregnation
10.2. Peculiarity of impregnated materials
10.3. Equilibria involving solvent impregnated materials
10.4. Stability of impregnated materials
10.5. Comparison with other separation methods
11.Electroseparation with ion exchange membranes
11.1. Electrical current in ion exchangers
11.2. Transference numbers and transport numbers
11.3. Transference of solvent; convection conductivity
11.4. Ion exchange membranes
11.5. Electrotransport of ions through ion exchange membranes
11.6. More about the electrotransport
11.7. Electro-membrane separation
11.8. Electro-purification of organic substances
11.9. Monovalent-ion permselective membranes
11.10. Electrochemical processes in packed beds
12. Technological schemes of ion exchange
12.1. Multicolumn technology
12.2. Fluidised bed and expansed bed
12.3. Moving-bed
12.4. Consecutive columns (Cascade)
13. Dual temperature separation
13.1. Parametric elution
13.2. Sirotherm process
13.3. Parametric pumping
13.4. Double-temperature separation with moving bed
14. Industrial separations with ion exchange resins
14.1. Water Treatment
14.2. Sugar processing
14.3. Pharmaceutical and medical applications
14.4. Hydrometallurgy
14.5. Principles of equipment design
14.6. Flow through fixed beds of resin
14.7. Flow through fluidised beds of resin
14.8. Fixed-Bed Equipment
14.9. Moving-Bed Equipment
14.10. Fluidised-Bed Equipment
14.11. Removable and transportable set-ups
15. Non-chemical Economical aspects of ion exchange technology
15.1. Economical aspects of ion exchange technology
15.2. Environmental aspects of ion exchange technology
16. Some special applications of ion exchange resins
16.1. Ion exchange separations in food industry
16.2. Ion exchange synthesis
16.3. Catalysis with ion exchange materials
16.4. Electron exchangers and redox resins
Prerequisites: Any sucessfully complyted chemistry course or equivalent (university level)
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