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Metallographic Atlas

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1. Metallographic techniques
- 1a, 1b Etching methods to make the microstructure visible.
  - 1a1 , 1a2 , 1a3 , 1a4 , 1a5 , 1a6 , 1a7 , 1a8 , 1a9
  - 1b1+2 , 1b3+4 , 1b5 , 1b6
- 1c, 1d Physical methods of inspection
  - 1c1+2 , 1c3 , 1c4 , 1c5 , 1c6a+b
  - 1d1 , 1d2 , 1d3 , 1d4 , 1d5 , 1d6 , 1d7+8
2. Geometrical aspects
- a) Growth of nuclei with random distribution
  - 2a1a-c , 2a2 , 2a3 , 2a4 , 2a5
- b) Formation of columnar crystals
  - 2b1 , 2b2 , 2b3 , 2b4 , 2b5 , 2b6 , 2b7
- c, d) Geometric texture caused by plastic deformation
  - 2c1 , 2c2 , 2c3 , 2c4 , 2c5 , 2c6+7 , 2c8
  - 2d1-3 , 2d4 , 2d5-6 , 2d7 , 2d8
- e) Geometric effects of surface tension
  - 2e1 , 2e2 , 2e3 , 2e4a-b , 2e5 , 2e6 , 2e7 , 2e8
3. Twin formation
- a) Formation of twins in solid state transformations
  - 3a1 , 3a2 , 3a3 , 3a4a-b , 3a5 , 3a6 , 3a7 , 3a8
- b) Formation of twins during crystallization from a melt
  - 3b1 , 3b2 , 3b3 , 3b4 , 3b5 , 3b6 , 3b7 , 3b8
4. Recrystallization
- a) Nucleation during recrystallization
  - 4a1 , 4a2 , 4a3 , 4a4 , 4a5 , 4a6
- b) Growth of crystals during recrystallization
  - 4b1a-e , 4b2 , 4b3 , 4b4 , 4b5
5. Grain growth
- a) Grain structure of one-phase materials
  - 5a1a-e , 5a2 , 5a3 , 5a4 , 5a5 , 5a6 , 5a7 , 5a8
- b) Abnormal grain growth
  - 5b1 , 5b2 , 5b3a+b , 5b4a+b
- c) Coarsening of particles
  - 5c1a+b , 5c2 , 5c3 , 5c4 , 5c5 , 5c6 , 5c7
- d) Spheroidization
  - 5d1 , 5d2 , 5d3 , 5d4 , 5d5
6. Formation of martensite
- a) Martensite in carbon steels
  - 6a1 , 6a2 , 6a3 , 6a4 , 6a5 , 6a6
- b) Martensite in other alloys
  - 6b1 , 6b2 , 6b3 , 6b4 , 6b5
7. Precipitation in solid state
- a) General precipitation
  - 7a1 , 7a2 , 7a3 , 7a4 , 7a5 , 7a6 , 7a7 , 7a8 , 7a9
- b) Grain boundary induced precipitation
  - 7b1 , 7b2 , 7b3 , 7b4-5 , 7b6 , 7b7
- c) The effect of grain size on precipitation
  - 7c1 , 7c2 , 7c3 , 7c4
- d) Special effects of grain boundaries on precipitation.
  - 7d1+2 , 7d3+4+5 , 7d6+7 , 7d8+9 , 7d10
- e) Precipitation of ferrite in Fe-C alloys
  - 7e1 , 7e2+3 , 7e4 , 7e5 , 7e6 , 7e4+5+6
- f) Precipitation of ferrite in Fe-C alloys, cont'd
  - 7f1 , 7f2 , 7f3 , 7f4 , 7f5 , 7f6 , 7f7
- g) Precipitation of cementite in Fe-C alloys
  - 7g1 , 7g2 , 7g3 , 7g4 , 7g5 , 7g6
- h) Precipitation of cementite in Fe-C alloys, cont'd
  - 7h1 , 7h2 , 7h3 , 7h4 , 7h5 , 7h6 , 7h7
- i) Internal oxidation
  - 7i1 , 7i2 , 7i3 , 7i4 , 7i5
- j) Precipitation of austenite from delta-ferrite
  - 7j1+2 , 7j3 , 7j4 , 7j5
- k) Transformation between alfa and beta in Ti alloys
  - 7k1 , 7k2 , 7k3 , 7k4 , 7k5 , 7k6 , 7k7 , 7k8 , 7k9 , 7k10 , 7k11
8. Eutectoid reactions.
- a) Cooperative growth during a eutectoid reaction.
  - 8a1 , 8a2 , 8a3 , 8a4 , 8a5 , 8a6
- b) Pearlite
  - 8b1 , 8b2 , 8b3 , 8b4 , 8b5 , 8b6
- c) Pearlite, cont'd.
  - 8c1 , 8c2 , 8c3 , 8c4 , 8c5 , 8c6 , 8c7 , 8c8
- d) Isothermal transformation.
  - 8d1a+b+c , 8d2a+b+c
- e) Degenerate eutectoid reaction.
  - 8e1 , 8e2 , 8e3 , 8e4 , 8e5 , 8e6
- f) Acicular eutectoid.
  - 8f1 , 8f2 , 8f3 , 8f4
- g) Bainite in steel.
  - 8g1 , 8g2 , 8g3 , 8g4 , 8g5 , 8g6
- h) Bainite in steel, cont'd.
  - 8h1 , 8h2 , 8h3a+b , 8h4 , 8h5 , 8h6
- i) Eutectoid reactions in alloyed steels.
  - 8i1 , 8i2 , 8i3 , 8i4 , 8i5 , 8i6 , 8i7 , 8i8
9. Primary precipitation during solidification.
- a) Shape of phases formed from a melt.
  - 9a1 , 9a2 , 9a3 , 9a4 , 9a5 , 9a6 , 9a7 , 9a8 , 9a9 , 9a10
- b) Formation of porosity during solidification.
  - 9b1 , 9b2 , 9b3 , 9b4 , 9b5 , 9b6 , 9b7
- c) Microsegregation.
  - 9c1 , 9c2 , 9c3 , 9c4 , 9c5 , 9c6 , 9c7 , 9c8 , 9c9
- d) Microsegregation, cont'd.
  - 9d1 , 9d2 , 9d3 , 9d4 , 9d5 , 9d6 , 9d7 , 9d8
- e) Secondary phase formed on solidification.
  - 9e1 , 9e2 , 9e3 , 9e4 , 9e5 , 9e6 , 9e7
- f) Ferrite banding in steels.
  - 9f1 , 9f2 , 9f3 , 9f4 , 9f5
- g) Carbide banding in steel.
  - 9g1 , 9g2 , 9g3 , 9g4
10. Eutectic solidification.
- a) Eutectic structures
  - 10a1 , 10a2 , 10a3 , 10a4 , 10a5 , 10a6 , 10a7 , 10a8 , 10a9 , 10a10
- b) Degenerated eutectic structures
  - 10b1 , 10b2 , 10b3 , 10b4 , 10b5 , 10b6 , 10b7
- c) Eutectic alloys for soldering
  - 10c1 , 10c2 , 10c3 , 10c4 , 10c5 , 10c6 , 10c7 , 10c8 , 10c9
- d) Segregation in eutectic alloys with impurities
  - 10d1 , 10d2 , 10d3 , 10d4 , 10d5 , 10d6
11. Peritectic and peritectoid reactions.
- a) Peritectic and peritectoid reactions
  - 11a1 , 11a2 , 11a3 , 11a4 , 11a5 , 11a6
12. Cast iron.
- a) White cast iron
  - 12a1 , 12a2 , 12a3 , 12a4 , 12a5 , 12a6
- b) White cast iron, cont'd
  - 12b1 , 12b2 , 12b3 , 12b4
- c) Grey cast iron
  - 12c1abc , 12c2ab , 12c3 , 12c4 , 12c5
- d) Grey cast iron, cont'd
  - 12d1 , 12d2 , 12d3 , 12d4
- e) Shape of graphite in grey cast iron
  - 12e1 , 12e2 , 12e3 , 12e4 , 12e5 , 12e6
- f) Segregation in grey cast iron
  - 12f1 , 12f2 , 12f3 , 12f4 , 12f5 , 12f6
- g) Phosphide eutectic in cast iron
  - 12g1 , 12g2 , 12g3 , 12g4 , 12g5 , 12g6
- h) Other shapes of graphite in cast iron
  - 12h1 , 12h2 , 12h3 , 12h4 , 12h5 , 12h6
- i) Fracture through graphite
  - 12i1 , 12i2 , 12i3 , 12i4 , 12i5
- j) Transformation of austenite in grey cast iron
  - 12j1 , 12j2 , 12j3 , 12j4 , 12j5 , 12j6
13. Non-ferrous alloy systems.
- a) Silumin
  - 13a1 , 13a2 , 13a3 , 13a4 , 13a5 , 13a6

Last change: 11 of Mar 1997
Lars Fredrik Larsson
larsf@matsc.kth.se

Limited demo-version.

Metallographic Atlas

Contents: